Want to solve step-by-step equation???? USE Microsoft Mathematics 4.0 ........useful tools to help students with math and science studies.

      Microsoft Mathematics 4.0 is now available for free download.Microsoft Mathematics provides a set of mathematical tools that helps both college and school students to solve complex calculation quickly and easily. 

This tool is very useful for doing math and science studies.

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                 Microsoft Mathematics provides a graphing calculator that plots in 2D and 3D, step-by-step equation solving, and useful tools to help students with math and science studies.

 

                   Few months back Microsoft relea Free Chemistry Add-in For Office Word 2007 & 2010.Now the latest release of Mathematics 4.0 makes students work simple.Students can understand the concepts  faster  ;)

With Microsoft Mathematics, students can learn to solve equations step-by-step while gaining a better understanding of fundamental concepts in pre-algebra, algebra, trigonometry, physics, chemistry, and calculus.

“Microsoft Mathematics includes a full-featured graphing calculator that’s designed to work just like a handheld calculator. Additional math tools help you evaluate triangles, convert from one system of units to another, and solve systems of equations”.

It comes with cool Graphical user Interface and very user friendly

Download Link: http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/details.aspx?FamilyID=9caca722-5235-401c-8d3f-9e242b794c3a

or click on

Microsoft Mathematics 4.0

Installing NS2 (Network Simulator 2)

NS2 is the powerful tool for simulation of network topologies, Ns-2 is a widely used tool to simulate the behavior of wired as well as  wireless networks. Currently we are using NS2 as a network simulator  but a very soon its 3rd version i.e. NS3 is going to launch soon by 2011 end & hope that it will completely replace NS2 for wireless network simulation.

You can install NS2 on  Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, Mac OS X and on Windows using Cygwin.
In Linux you can use either Ubuntu Or Fedora

I will suggest you to install it Linux Ubuntu (latest version is 11.04 but it is not available yet, so let us try on 10.04 version ). On fedora (latest version is Fedora 14) it is also fine but you will not get much more help for fedora as compared to Ubuntu. (about 73 % of Linux users, using Ubuntu)
You can install NS2 on windows also by using cygwin but Linux gives best performance as compared to all other . So best way to install NS2 is on Ubuntu.

Before installing NS2 make sure that u had completed with all proxy setting, with proxy address, port address, & username and password if any. I will suggest to use network without username and password, Bcoz it is quite problematic to set username & password in terminal window, ( You can install NS2 by using terminal window only).


For installing NS2 on Ubuntu kindly check the following links:

.http://robotarm4.hubpages.com/hub/Install-NS2-in-ubuntu
or
http://wsnsimulators.blogspot.com/2010/06/how-to-install-ns2-with-ubuntu-1004-by.html
 or
http://paulson.in/?p=29
or
http://www.scribd.com/doc/73555400

Try it by using steps mentioned in first link....it is very easy as compared to other.

If any quires you can revert back to me 
 

""Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio 2008 R3"" TRY IT

Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio (Microsoft RDS, MRDS) is a Windows-based environment for robot control and simulation. It is aimed at academic, hobbyist, and commercial developers and handles a wide variety of robot hardware.

     The Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio 2008 R3 (Microsoft RDS) is a Windows-based environment for academic, hobbyist, and commercial developers to easily create robotics applications across a wide variety of hardware. All previous editions of Microsoft RDS 2008 R2 (Express, Standard and Academic) have been combined into one new version, RDS 2008 R3 and can be downloaded at no charge.

CHeck out :  http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?id=27546

U can subscribe Microsoft robotics newsgroup from Google Groups by clicking the following link:     http://groups.google.com/group/microsoft.public.msroboticsstudio/subscribe

First Quantum Computer With Quantum CPU And Separate Quantum RAM

Back in 1946, the world's first general purpose electronic computer was switched on at the University of Pennsylvania. The huge processing power of ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer) stunned the world, or at least the few dozen people who had any idea what it was for and why it was important.
But ENIAC had an important flaw. It could only be programmed by resetting a myriad switches and dials, a task that could take weeks. And this seriously hindered the computer's flexibility.
The solution was not hard to find. it had already been outlined by Alan Turing, John Von Neumann and others: have a unit for number crunching and a separate electronic memory that could store instructions and data. That design meant that any reprogramming could be done relatively quickly, easily and electronically.
Today, almost all modern computers use this design, now known as the Von Neumann architecture.
The exception is the quantum computer. These devices use the strange properties of the quantum world to perform huge numbers of calculations in parallel. Consequently they have the potential to vastly outperform conventional number crunchers.
Unfortunately, physicists have only a vague and fleeting power over the quantum world and this means has prevented them the luxury of designing a Von Neumann-type quantum computer.
Until now. Today, Matteo Mariantoni at the UC Santa Barbara and pals reveal the first quantum computer with an information processing unit and a separate random access memory.
Their machine is a superconducting device that stores quantum bits or qubits as counter-rotating currents in a circuit (this allows the qubit to be both a 0 and 1 at the same time). These qubits are manipulated using superconducting quantum logic gates, transferred using a quantum bus and stored in separate microwave resonators.

Quantum computing hype
The computational power and informational density of classical computers is limited with uncertainty principle in the same way, like at the case of quantum computers. It means, for consumer electronics operating at room temperature it has no meaning, whether you would decrease the number of atoms in classical transistors to the physical limit for the sake of their information density or whether you would increase the redundancy of quabits for the sake of their sufficient reliability - the effectiveness of both devices will converge to the same value.

Of course, the quantum computers running at the (near) zero temperature would supersede the classical computers running at room temperature pretty much - but the classical computers would run a way better at these low temperatures as well

Graduation is just a stepping stone

A degree helps you in your career only to a limited extent because what matters most are your written and verbal communication skills, analytical ability, team spirit and aptitude, said an expert at the HT Campus Calling counselling session in Gurgaon last week.

“Graduation is just a stepping stone. Beyond that it has no value,” said CS Sharma, associate professor, Shri Ram College of Commerce, who has also been the placement officer there for many years.

Sharma was part of a panel of college representatives, including Tanvir Aejaz, head, department of political science, Ramjas College and NK Gupta, associate professor, department of commerce, Ramjas College, which threw light on factors that work (or don’t work) in landing a job.

“If you want to work in the corporate sector, any course will do,” said Sharma at the event held in Shri Ram School, DLF Phase 3. The companies want to make sure you have those four (aforementioned) traits and they’ll train you for the work.

“There are companies in Gurgaon which simply don’t look at your course. They look at your personality,” said Sharma. If organisations need quantitative skills, they make applicants go through tests. “When it comes to numerical calculations and quick decision-making, they try to judge the candidate’s problem-solving skills by giving him situations,” Sharma explained.

Interestingly, the bachelor’s degree that trains a graduate best for the workplace is not among the much sought-after industry-oriented or professional programmes. The demanding BSc (H) programme in physics can give you a good base for a variety of careers.

“BSc physics graduates are preferred in investment banking, and stock markets. They have a large number of openings,” said Sharma. The mind “gets best developed” in a course like this, he said.

He also gave participants useful advice on certain combinations of undergraduate and postgraduate degrees. “If you score very well in maths honours, there are companies like Google that straightaway pick you up. Maths honours plus MBA is a fantastic combination, particularly MBA (finance)…” Similarly, “people who do BA maths, MA economics and then pursue careers in economic fields, do very well. The same happens in mathematical statistics.” He, however, cautioned that these could be risky choices. “After the first year in college, your focus changes. So, the best option is to keep going on the straight path.”

The course should be chosen after the student has identified his/her interests and life goals, said the panellists.
Responding to an aspirant’s question about chartered accountancy (CA) and graduation, Gupta suggested, “Join the School of Open Learning and go do CA or join college and forget about CA for at least three years.” CA students face this dilemma due to the three-year articleship and the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India requires them to produce a certificate saying their college classes get over by 11am.  

The second session included an interaction with a panel comprising Meera Ramachandran, principal, Gargi College; Ruchira Agarwal, assistant professor, department of fabric and apparel science, Lady Irwin College and Inderjeet Dagar, principal, College of Vocational Studies.

Seven career mistakes you should avoid

No man is an island, especially not in crowded cubicles. In an office, you need to work as a team. If you do well, give credit where it's due, especially to your juniors. Even if you don't get along with someone, be polite. There's no place for anger or tantrums at the workplace.
Remember, your electronic mails are being sent through your employer's server, so bad-mouthing someone on mail or chats in the office could lead to an embarrassing fiasco. Don't crib about your colleagues' work profile or the fact that they are favoured. Your talent cannot remain hidden for long, neither can other people's incompetency. You'll look like a fool if your own work falls short of the mark.

What's a network?

You may be a genius, but there will be times when you hit a roadblock. This is when your network of peers will come to your rescue as you can take their advice. It also helps you stay abreast of the latest issues in your field. Keep in touch with college mates, mingle during conferences and functions, and join a professional networking site.

However, ensure that you don't mix personal and professional lives. Avoid adding colleagues and bosses to your friends' list on social networking sites. Even if you don't post an inappropriate message about your workplace, there's no way of ensuring that your friends won't.

I know everything there is to know

No job is secure forever. The business landscape is changing constantly and if you don't want to be a dinosaur, you'll have to upgrade your skills regularly. You need to stay on a par with colleagues and others vying for your job. Don't expect past accomplishments to suffice. Learn constantly, especially from your mistakes. If a senior corrects you, don't sulk or complain. You'll not only exasperate your boss, but end up repeating your mistake and never learn.

I'm the best, I'm irreplaceable, I deserve that promotion

If you believe you are the only one who can do the job right, back your conviction with accomplishments. There's a difference between boasting and delivering. This doesn't mean that you shouldn't promote yourself, but do it subtly. Before you jump at the chance to be promoted, ask yourself: am I prepared for it?
A promotion not only means more professional responsibilities, but also changes in personal life. Make sure you are ready to shoulder these.
If you aren't, the step may backfire and destroy chances of future promotions. Don't promise to get something done without ensuring that it is achievable. "In the early stages of your career, there are more options as there are more jobs, but these reduce as you move up.
At a senior position, you need to be stable in a job for 2-3 years and learn everything about the company before you opt for a promotion. Jumping too soon may set your career back by 4-5 years," says VY Verma, COO, LG India.

12 Volt 20 Amp Solar Charge Controller

SCC3 - 12 Volt 20 Amp Solar Charge Controller

 Introduction

The SCC3 is a solar charge controller, its function is to regulate the power flowing from a photovoltaic panel into a rechargeable battery. It features easy setup with one potentiometer for the float voltage adjustment, an equalize function for periodic overcharging, and automatic temperature compensation for better battery charging over a wide range of temperatures. The SCC3 is able to handle reverse polarity connection of both the battery and photovoltaic panel.

The design goals of this circuit were efficiency, simplicity, reliability and the use of field replaceable parts. A medium power solar system can be built with the SCC3, a 12V (nominal) solar panel that is rated from 100 milliamps to 20 amps, and a lead acid or other rechargeable battery that is rated from 500 milliamp hours to 400 amp hours of capacity.

It is important to match the solar panel's current rating to the battery's amp-hour rating (C). A typical maximum battery charging current is C/20, so a 100 amp hour battery should have a solar panel rating of no greater than 5 amps. It is advisable to check the battery manufacturer's data sheets to find the maximum allowable charge current, then choose a PV that does not exceed that value. On the other hand, if the solar panel output current is too low, the battery may never become fully charged.

With a few parts changes, the SCC3 circuit can work as a 24V/15A solar charge controller. The 24V parts differences are shown on the schematic.

Basic Specifications (12V version)

Maximum solar charging current: 20 Amps
Nominal battery voltage: 12V
Night time battery current drain: 0.8 - 1.8ma

• Features
  • Efficient design is suitable for use with low to medium power solar panels and solar arrays.
  • Will work with most rechargeable battery types: Lead Acid (wet or gell), NiCd and NiMH.
  • Common Negative Ground for Solar Panel and Battery.
  • Reliable all solid-state circuitry, no power hungry relay with limited-life contacts.
  • Built in fuse for short circuit protection, load circuitry requires its own fused disconnect.
  • Designed to withstand reverse battery and reverse PV connection.
  • Charging method: Full-on below float point, chopper-stabilized PWM at float point.
  • Temperature compensated float voltage set point for optimal charging at different temperatures.
  • Radio quiet, can be used with sensitive radio receivers.
  • High voltage transient protection on solar panel input for limited lightning protection.
  • Simple 4 screw connector will accept spade lugs or wires for attaching a battery and PV panel.
  • Multiple SCC3 units can be used to connect several (<20 Amp@12Vnom) solar arrays to one battery.
• Controls and Indicators
  • Red/Green LED for Charge/Float state indication.
  • Equalize switch for periodic maintenance overcharging.
  • Float voltage adjustment trimmer pot.
• 12V Kit Specifications
  • Nominal Battery Voltage: 12V.
  • Solar Charging Current: 0 to 20 Amps continuous.
  • Recommended Battery Capacity: 0.5 to 400 Amp Hours.
  • Photovoltaic Panel Voltage Ratings: 12V Nominal (17-24V Open Circuit Voltage, 36-48 cell typical).
  • Absolute maximum PV input voltage (not sustained): 26VDC
  • Photovoltaic Panel Power Ratings: 1W to 240W (90ma - 20A Short Circuit Current).
  • Voltage Drop During Charging: 0.5V @ 10A, 1V @ 20A.
  • Float Voltage Adjustment Range: 13V-15V (range can be altered).
  • Float Voltage Variation during charging: +/- 0.03V
  • Equalize Mode Voltage Increase: 1.5 Volts.
  • Charge Controller Temperature Compensation: -7.5mV/Degree C.
  • Night Time Battery Current Drain: 0.8 - 1.8ma.
  • Fuse Type: 20 Amp ATO automotive fuse.
  • Board Dimensions: 3.5" wide by 3.0" deep by 0.95" tall.
  • Fits into a standard 4" X 4" electrical utility box, can be mounted on the cover plate.
  • Board Mounts: 3X 4-40 screws on 1/4" spacers.
  • Assembled Weight: approximately 60 grams (2oz).
• 24V Kit Specification Differencess
  • Nominal Battery Voltage: 24V.
  • Solar Charging Current: 0 to 15 Amps continuous.
  • Recommended Battery Capacity: 0.5 to 300 Amp Hours.
  • Photovoltaic Panel Voltage Ratings: 24V Nominal (34-42V Open Circuit Voltage, 68-84 cell typical).
  • Absolute maximum PV input voltage (not sustained): 45VDC
  • Photovoltaic Panel Power Ratings: 2W to 360W (90mA - 15A Short Circuit Current).
  • Float Voltage Adjustment Range: 26V-30V (range can be altered).
  • Float Voltage Variation during charging: +/- 0.06V
  • Equalize Mode Voltage Increase: 3 Volts.
  • Charge Controller Temperature Compensation: -15mV/Degree C.
  • Fuse Type: 15 Amp ATO automotive fuse.

Theory

The circuit activation section uses op-amp IC4 wired as a comparator to switch power on for the rest of the SCC3. When the PV voltage is greater than the battery voltage, IC4 turns on and sends power to voltage regulator IC3. Diode D2 prevents damage to IC4 if the battery is connected with reverse polarity. IC3 produces a regulated 5 Volt power source. The 5V is used to power the SCC3 circuitry, it is also used as a reference for the battery float voltage comparator IC1a.

The float voltage comparator IC1a compares the battery voltage (divided by R1/VR1 and R3) to the 5V reference voltage (divided by R5 and R6). The comparison point is offset by the thermistor TM1 for temperature compensation. The comparison point is also modified by the Equalize switch, S1 and R2. The output of IC1a goes high (+5V) when the battery voltage is below the float voltage setting. The output goes low when the battery voltage is above the float voltage setting. This provides the charge/idle signal that controls the rest of the circuit.

The charge/idle signal is sent to IC2a and b, a pair of D-type flip-flops. The flip-flops are clocked by the IC1b phase-shift clock oscillator. The clocking causes the flip-flop outputs to produce a square wave charge/idle signal that is synchronized with the frequency of the clock oscillator. The two halves of IC2 operate in synchronization, IC2a is used to drive the PV current switching circuitry, IC2b is used to drive the charging state indicator LED either red (charging) or green (floating).

The clocked charge/idle signal switches bipolar transistor Q1 on and off. The Q1 signal is used to switch power MOSFET Q2, which switches the solar current on and off through the battery. The solar charging current flows through the heavy lines on the schematic. Diode D1 prevents the battery from discharging through the solar panel at night. Fuse F1 prevents excessive battery current from flowing in the event of a short circuit. Transzorb TZ1 absorbs transient voltage spikes that may be caused by lightning.

Use

Connect the solar panel to the SCC3 PV terminals, connect the battery to the SCC3 battery terminals.

Put the solar panel in the sun, the battery will charge up. In systems where the battery is frequently deep-discharged, the equalize switch should be occasionally turned on for a period of several hours to a full day. This increases the charge of the battery's weaker cells.

When the battery is low and the sun is shining, the LED will be red. As the battery reaches the float voltage, the LED will quickly alternate red/green. When the sun goes down, the LED will shut off.

SCC3 Circuit Extensions

Secondary Battery Charger

The above circuit may be used if you wish to charge a remote secondary battery. The #1156 lamp limits the secondary battery's charge current to a maximum of 2 amps, it also protects the remote wiring from high currents in the event of a short circuit. The wiring should be rated to handle more than 2 amps of current, #16 or #14 gauge wire is recommended. Other lamps may be used for setting different maximum charge current values. The Schottky diode prevents a load on the main battery from discharging the secondary battery. The diode has a .5V drop, so the secondary battery will always stay .5V below the main battery's maximum (float) voltage setting. A wet cell lead acid main battery and a gell cell secondary battery will work well in this configuration. Float voltages for gell cell batteries are lower than for wet cell batteries.

Dump Load Controller

A Dump Load Controller circuit can be used to feed excess solar power to an auxilliary load such as a heating resistor. The dump load circuit can be constructed from a second SCC3 kit using custom wired jumpers. The dump load circuit monitors the PV voltage. When the PV has charged the battery and the battery reaches the SCC3 float voltage setting, the SCC3 PV circuit opens up and the PV voltage rises. The dump load circuit detects this higher PV voltage and connects the dump load to the PV.

For 12V systems, the dump load circuit should be adjusted so that it activates at a PV voltage of around 15V. The dump load resistor should be connected across the terminals labeled "Dump" in the schematic. For the optimal dump load power transfer, the value of the dump load resistor should be chosen so that it pulls the PV voltage down to the PV panel's rated maximum power point during full sun conditions. The dump load resistor should have a power rating that is greater than the PV panel's maximum output wattage rating.

The dump load controller provides a low-quality power source. The power is only available when the main battery becomes fully charged and when it is available, it comes in pulses. Dump load power would be suitable for running a heating resistor or a catalytic electrolyzer for splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen.